A Picture Book of George Washington Eagle Side of Quarter Clip Art

US 25-cent coin minted since 1932

Washington quarter

United States
Value	25 cents (0.25 Usa dollars)
Mass	v.67 one thousand
Diameter	24.3 mm
Border	reeded
Orientation	coin (180°)
Composition	Electric current—cupronickel clad to copper. Prior to 1965—6.25 grams, 90% argent, ten% copper. Silverish versions for collectors since 1976 besides exist
Years of minting	1932, 1934–present
Mint marks	D, S, P, W. Mintmark location & history on 1932–2021 coins discussed in #Clad limerick.
Obverse
Pattern	Bust of George Washington. Variants of in a higher place obverse shown in #Silver quarter production.
Designer	John Flanagan
Design engagement	1931
Design used	1932–2021 including variants
Reverse
Design	Eagle
Designer	John Flanagan
Design engagement	1931
Design used	1932, 1934–1974, 1977–1998
Design	Washington crossing the Delaware River in 1776
Designer	Benjamin Sowards, sculpted by Michael Gaudioso
Blueprint engagement	2020
Design used	2021
Blueprint	Various commemorative designs
Designer	Various
Pattern used	1975–1976, 1999–2021

The Washington quarter is the present quarter dollar or 25-cent piece issued by the Usa Mint. The coin was outset struck in 1932; the original version was designed by sculptor John Flanagan.

As the United States prepared to celebrate the 1932 bicentennial of the nascency of its first president, George Washington, members of the bicentennial committee established by Congress sought a Washington half dollar. They wanted to displace for that year only the regular issue Walking Liberty half dollar; instead Congress permanently replaced the Standing Freedom quarter, requiring that a delineation of Washington appear on the obverse of the new coin. The committee had engaged sculptor Laura Gardin Fraser to design a commemorative medal, and wanted her to arrange her design for the quarter. Although Fraser's piece of work was supported by the Commission of Fine Arts and its chairman, Charles West. Moore, Treasury Secretary Andrew W. Mellon chose a design by Flanagan, and Mellon's successor, Ogden Fifty. Mills, refused to disturb the conclusion.

The new silverish quarters entered apportionment on August one, 1932, and continued to be struck in silver until the Mint transitioned to copper-nickel clad coinage in 1965. A special contrary commemorating the United States Bicentennial was used in 1975 and 1976, with all pieces bearing the double engagement 1776–1976; there are no 1975-dated quarters. Since 1999, the original eagle opposite has not been used; instead that side of the quarter has commemorated the fifty states, the nation's other jurisdictions, and celebrated and natural sites—the last as function of the America the Beautiful Quarters series, which continued until 2021. The bust of Washington was modified and fabricated smaller offset in 1999; in 2010 the original bust was restored (though still minor) to bring out greater particular. In 2021, Flanagan's original blueprint resumed its place on the obverse, with a design showing Washington crossing the Delaware River in 1776 for the reverse, while in 2022 a new commemorative serial depicting women commences.

Flanagan reverse (1932–1998) [edit]

The original Washington quarter design struck until 1998 depicted a caput of George Washington facing left, with "Liberty" above the head, the engagement below, and "In God We Trust" in the left field. The reverse depicted an eagle with wings outspread perches on a bundle of arrows framed below past ii olive branches.^[1]

Information technology initially contained 6.25 grams of xc% silverish until 1964 when information technology switched to a base-metal composition of cupronickel (75% copper, 25% nickel) clad to a pure copper core. Non-circulating versions of the quarter containing argent have also been produced for collectors since 1976.

Inception [edit]

On December 2, 1924, Congress created the United States George Washington Bicentennial Commission. The 200th anniversary of the nascence of Washington, the first president of the U.s.a., would occur in 1932, and Congress wished to plan for the issue well in advance. President Calvin Coolidge was ex officio chairman of the commission, which included regime officials likewise as prominent private citizens such every bit automobile manufacturer Henry Ford. In 1929, the Secretary of Commerce, Herbert Hoover, succeeded Coolidge both as president and in his commission function. By that fourth dimension, however, the commission had become inactive, doing little later on sending out an initial flurry of printing releases.^[2] A new group, the George Washington Bicentennial Committee was established by Human action of Congress in February 1930.^[3]

Hoover was concerned about the big numbers of designs used for commemorative coins in the 1920s; he feared that confusion would aid counterfeiters. When a commemorative coin bill was sent to him past Congress, Hoover vetoed it on Apr 21, 1930. In a lengthy veto bulletin delivered to Congress with the returned bill, Hoover noted his counterfeiting concerns, and stated that the coins were selling desperately anyway—large quantities of Oregon Trail Memorial half dollars remained unsold.^[2]

The Bicentennial Committee wanted a commemorative Washington one-half dollar, and sought to assuage Hoover'due south concerns past proposing that all 1932 half dollars depict Washington instead of begetting the usual Walking Liberty design. The Depression had decreased demand for coin in commerce; no half dollars had been struck in 1930, and none would be until 1933. Most commemorative coins at the fourth dimension were struck in a quantity of a few thousand. The half dollar was seen as the largest and most prominent design—the Peace dollar was not and then being struck and did not circulate in much of the country. Other commemoratives had been sold at a premium; the Washington one-half dollar would, for one yr, be the normal Mint issue. Although it had not yet received congressional approval, the committee went ahead and began a contest. The committee anticipated that the same artist would get-go blueprint the committee'south medal and then the coin. The obverse of both medal and coin were to be based on the well-known sculpture of Washington (1786) by French sculptor Jean-Antoine Houdon; the creative person was non restricted every bit to the reverse design. By law, coinage designs were approved past the Secretary of the Treasury, at that time Andrew W. Mellon, a noted art collector and connoisseur; it was anticipated he would interpose no objection to the plan.^[4]

Laura Gardin Fraser's design for the quarter was used on a 1999 commemorative one-half eagle.

Later reviewing the entries, both the Bicentennial Commission and the Commission of Fine Arts (CFA) agreed on designs past Laura Gardin Fraser.^[five] The wife of James Earle Fraser, designer of the Buffalo nickel, Laura Fraser was a notable money designer in her ain right, having designed several commemorative coins, including the Oregon Trail Memorial pieces. With a right-facing Washington, Fraser'southward designs were to be used for the medal, and, as those involved expected, the one-half dollar too.^[6]

On February 9, 1931, New Bailiwick of jersey Representative Randolph Perkins introduced legislation for a Washington quarter, to the dismay of the Bicentennial Committee and Fine Arts Commission. The Business firm of Representatives Committee on Coinage, Weights and Measures issued a memorandum stating that the design of the existing Continuing Liberty quarter had been found to be unsatisfactory, and that the new piece would non simply exist struck for 1932, it would permanently replace the older blueprint. Thus, a new quarter would both be a tribute to Washington on his bicentennial, and salvage the Mint of the burden of having to money a hard-to-strike piece. On February 12, Fine Arts Committee Chairman Charles W. Moore wrote to the House Committee, objecting to the change of denomination, and proposing that they mandate that Laura Fraser'southward design for the medal too appear on the money. Moore was ignored, and Congress passed authorizing legislation for a Washington quarter on March 4, 1931.^[7] The human action provided that Washington'due south epitome, to appear on the obverse, was to be based on the "historic bosom" of the old president by Jean-Antoine Houdon; Fraser had based her design on Houdon's work.^[8]

Competitions [edit]

On July 14, 1931, Assistant Mint Managing director Mary Margaret O'Reilly wrote to Moore, asking the Commission'due south advice on a design competition for the new quarter. Moore replied, stating that as Fraser had won the competition for the medal, she should adapt her design for the quarter. Secretarial assistant Mellon responded to Moore, stating that equally the Treasury had been no party to the earlier blueprint understanding, it was not bound by it, and would non follow it. The Treasury proceeded to hold a design competition, and when the Fine Arts Committee met to consider the submitted designs in an advisory part, it selected those submitted by Fraser. The designs were submitted to Mellon in November 1931; he selected Flanagan'due south design and notified Moore of the decision. Moore and committee member Adolph Weinman (who had designed the Mercury dime and Walking Liberty half dollar) attempted to get Mellon to alter his listen, only only got him to agree to let the various sculptors more than time to improve their entries—they had asked for more time just for Fraser. On January twenty, 1932, following resubmissions, the commission affirmed its support of the Fraser designs.^[9]

Mellon left office on February 12, 1932; he was succeeded past Ogden L. Mills.^[10] With a new Secretary of the Treasury in office, Moore renewed his protestation, sending Mills a letter on March 31 deprecating Flanagan's design and urging the new secretary to accede to the committee'south recommendation.^[11] Mills had already been briefed by O'Reilly on the quarter matter, and responded to Moore on Apr 11. Secretary Mills informed Moore that the chairman's alphabetic character had caused him to request changes from the sculptor, simply that he would non override Mellon's decision.^[x] On Apr 16, the pick of Flanagan'south designs was publicly announced.^[12]

Mellon was aware of which artists had submitted which designs, and has been accused of discriminating against Fraser every bit a adult female. Numismatic historian Walter Breen stated, "it has been learned that Mellon knew all along who had submitted the winning models, and his male chauvinism partly or wholly motivated his unwillingness to let a adult female win."^[13] Bowers, however, noted that Mellon had approved Fraser's designs for commemorative coins several times, too as those by other women, and that no contemporary source speaks to any bias on Mellon'southward part. Bowers called the belief "modernistic numismatic fiction".^[12] Fraser's design was used in 1999 as a commemorative half eagle issued 200 years subsequently Washington's decease,^[12] and has been recommended as the obverse offset in 2022.^[14]

Obverse design [edit]

Plaster re-create of bosom of Washington by Houdon (1786); Houdon's work was adapted for Flanagan'south profile epitome.

In 1785, the French sculptor Jean-Antoine Houdon was commissioned by the Virginia General Assembly to sculpt a bust of Washington, who had led the nascent United States to victory in the American Revolutionary War. Houdon had been recommended by the recently returned United States Minister to France, Benjamin Franklin. The retired general sat for Houdon at Mount Vernon, the Washington family home in Fairfax County, Virginia between October 6 and 12, 1785. The sculptor took a life mask of the general's face up—Washington'due south adopted granddaughter Nelly Custis, aged half dozen at the fourth dimension, later recalled her stupor in seeing Washington lying on a table, as she thought expressionless, covered by a sheet and by the plaster for the mask. She was told that two quills extended into his nostrils, providing him with air. A bust at Mount Vernon today testifies to that visit.^[fifteen] On his return to Paris, Houdon used his visage of General Washington in a number of sculptural settings, including the commissioned statue for the Full general Assembly, which notwithstanding stands in marble in the Virginia State Capitol.^[xvi]

The obverse of the "Washington Earlier Boston" medal was the starting time medallic use of Houdon's bust.

Portraits of Washington on medals and in other media subsequent to the sculptor's visit were most often based on Houdon's work, beginning with the 1786 "Washington Before Boston" medal engraved by Pierre Simon DuViviers. Although merely one American, Abraham Lincoln, had appeared on a circulating United states coin by the 1920s, the Houdon bust had been used every bit the basis of the portrait of Washington on the commemorative Lafayette dollar dated 1900 and on the Sesquicentennial one-half dollar of 1926. According to coin dealer and numismatic historian Q. David Bowers, the Houdon bust, even then, was the virtually common representation of Washington on coins and medals.^[5] Footling is known of Flanagan's creative procedure, although models of Flanagan's quarter with a different portrayal of Washington, facing correct, and with a different eagle, accept come on the market place.^[8] Flanagan's adaptation differs from the Houdon bust in some particulars: for example, the shape of the head is dissimilar, and there is a coil of hair on the quarter not found on the bosom.^[17]

Art historian Cornelius Vermeule said of Flanagan'southward quarter, "a die designer could do little wrong in having Houdon's Neoclassic image as his paradigm ... Still, it might be asked whether or not it was off-white to strength an ideal[ized] portrait of Washington fabricated in 1785 on an artist working in 1932. There is something cold and lifeless well-nigh the results."^[8] Vermeule suggests that the quarter started a trend of like portrait coins issued by the United states of america, notably the Jefferson nickel and Franklin half dollar.^[18] The historian preferred Laura Fraser's version, and termed Flanagan's reverse "a potent flake of heraldry amid too large a wreath and too much or too large lettering".^[19]

Silver quarter production [edit]

In early July 1932, newspapers announced that the Washington quarter was being struck and would be issued at the stop of the month, in one case in that location were sufficient pieces for a nationwide distribution. They stressed that the new quarter was not a commemorative.^{[20] [21]}

The five Washington quarter obverses: equally a silver version, a clad version, the Bicentennial version, the version struck from 1999 to 2009, and the 2010 version struck until 2021.

The quarter was released into apportionment on August 1, 1932. There was no swell need for the coins in commerce;^[22] despite that, information technology was appear that six million pieces would be struck in honour of the Washington bicentennial.^[23] The coins were generally well received,^[22] though the reverse prompted discussion as to whether a bald eagle was depicted, or some other sort of hawkeye. An eagle adept consulted by The New York Times concluded information technology was a bald eagle.^[24]

Most six.2 million quarters were struck in 1932, of which 5.4 meg were coined at the Philadelphia mint. Production runs of simply over 400,000 each occurred at the Denver and San Francisco mints; these are still the depression mintages of the series. The small mintage of the 1932 Denver piece meant that few were available to exist hoarded by coin dealers, leading to present-mean solar day scarcity in mint land or uncirculated condition; the mint marks on the 1932-D and 1932-S have been counterfeited. No quarters were struck at any mint in 1933, as there was an oversupply acquired by the 1932 result.^{[22] [25]}

Different many earlier coins, the Washington quarter struck exceptionally well, bringing out its full details. This sharpness is possible considering the designs of both sides were spread out, with no points of loftier relief.^[17] Yet, the Mint repeatedly adjusted the design. In the beginning three years of striking (1932, 1934 and 1935), three different varieties of the obverse are known. They are generally called afterwards the appearance of " IN GOD WE TRUST ", to the left of Washington's head: the Light Motto, Medium Motto, and Heavy Motto.^[26] Merely the first was used in 1932. All three were used on the 1934 Philadelphia strikes, though but the latter 2 on the 1934 Denver Mint coins.^[27] In 1935 only the Medium Motto was used at all three mints. However, the Heavy Motto apparently proved nearly satisfactory to the Mint every bit beginning in 1936 but pieces of that variety were struck at all sites.

For unknown reasons, the original opposite hub was used but in 1932; a new hub was used when coining resumed in 1934. The original style had a high rim around the reverse blueprint, protecting it from wear so well that 1932 quarters in lower grade generally are about equally worn on either side. In later years, with a lowered rim, circulated silvery pieces tend to be more worn on the reverse.^[28]

The fine-tuning of the blueprint connected through the end of silver production with pieces dated 1964. During that fourth dimension, the obverse was modified six times. I revision, in 1944, left Flanagan'due south initials, on the cutoff of the bust, distorted; this was adjusted the following year. Beginning in 1937, and continuing until the end of silver circulation product with pieces dated 1964, a very slightly different contrary was used for proof coins, as opposed to circulation pieces. This is most evident in examining the messages "es" in "States" which most touch on apportionment strikes, and display a separation on proofs.^[29]

The slice was struck in numbers exceeding 100 1000000 in some years through 1964. The San Francisco Mint ceased striking coins after 1955; it struck no quarters that year or in 1949.^[30]

Clad limerick [edit]

In 1964, there was a severe shortage of coins.^[31] Silverish prices were rising, and the public responded past hoarding not merely the wildly popular new coin, the Kennedy half dollar, only the other denominations, including the not-silver cent and nickel.^[32] Hopeful that issuing more 1964-dated coins would counter the speculation in them, the Treasury obtained Congressional dominance to continue striking 1964-dated coins into 1965.^[33]

The Mint's production of coins rapidly depleted the Treasury's stock of silverish. Prices for the metal were rising to such an extent that, by early June 1965, a dollar in silver coin contained 93.3 cents' worth of information technology at market prices. On June iii, 1965, President Lyndon Johnson announced plans to eliminate silver from the dime and quarter in favor of a clad composition, with layers of copper-nickel on each side of a layer of pure copper. The half dollar was inverse from ninety% silver to 40%.^[34] Congress passed the Coinage Act of 1965 in July, nether which the Mint transitioned from striking 1964-dated silver quarters to striking 1965-dated clad quarters.^[35] Beginning on Baronial 1, 1966, the Mint began to strike 1966-dated pieces, and thereafter it resumed the normal practice of striking the current yr's date on each piece.^[36]

The new clad quarters were struck without mint mark in 1965–1967, regardless of the mint of origin. Commencement in 1968, mint marks were used again, except that Philadelphia connected to effect coins without them. The San Francisco Mint had reopened, but from 1968, it struck quarters only for collectors, for the virtually part proof coins.^[37] The Mint adjusted both sides of the coin for the initiation of clad coinage, lowering the relief (the modified reverse design exists on some 1964-dated silvery quarters). The obverse was slightly inverse in 1974, with some details sharpened.^[38] Mint marks on post-1967 pieces are found on the lower right of the obverse, to the right of Washington's neck.^[39]

Starting time in 1976, and continuing over the post-obit twenty years, Mint engravers modified the design a number of times.^[xl] Quarters were struck at the West Point Mint betwixt 1977 and 1979, but they bore no mint marker.^[41] The Philadelphia Mint'due south mint mark "P" was used on coins struck at that facility beginning in 1980. Coins dated 1982 and 1983, both from Philadelphia and Denver, command a large premium over face up value when plant in nearly-pristine condition.^[42]

Outset in 1992, the Mint began selling silver proof sets, including a quarter struck in .900 silver; this has continued to the nowadays day.^[43] Although President George H.West. Bush signed authorizing legislation for these pieces in 1990, coinage did not begin until 1992 due to difficulty in obtaining sufficient coinage blanks in .900 silver.^[44]

Bicentennial commemorative quarters [edit]

For farther information on the circulating commemorative quarters, one-half dollars and dollars struck in 1975–1976, encounter The states Bicentennial coinage.

In January 1973, Representative Richard C. White introduced legislation for commemorative dollars and one-half dollars for the 1976 U.s. Bicentennial.^[45] On June six, Mint Manager Mary Brooks testified before a congressional committee, and responding to concerns that just the 2 least-pop denominations would be inverse, agreed to back up the temporary redesign of the quarter besides.^[46] On October xviii, 1973, President Richard Nixon signed legislation mandating a temporary redesign of the iii denominations for all coins issued after July 4, 1975, and struck before January 1, 1977. These pieces would bear the double engagement 1776–1976. In addition to apportionment pieces, Congress mandated that 45 million Bicentennial coins be struck in 40% silverish.^[47] Fearful of creating depression-mintage pieces which might be hoarded as the cent recently had been, thus creating a shortage of quarters, in December 1974 the Mint obtained congressional approval to continue hitting 1974-dated quarters, half dollars and dollars until Bicentennial coinage began. Accordingly, there are no 1975-dated quarters.^{[48] [49] [l]} Almost two billion Bicentennial quarters were struck,^[51] as the Mint sought to assure that at that place would be plenty of souvenirs of the anniversary.^[52] The Mint sold the silverish sets, in both uncirculated and proof, for more a decade before ending sales at the end of 1986.^[53] Jack L. Ahr'south colonial drummer, which had appeared on the Bicentennial quarter, was replaced later 1976 by Flanagan's original reverse.^[37]

Washington quarters since 1999 [edit]

50 Country quarters [edit]

New Bailiwick of jersey's 1999 entry in the State Quarters serial

At a congressional hearing in June 1995, Mint Manager Philip Northward. Diehl and prominent numismatists urged Congress to pass legislation allowing a serial of circulating commemorative coins similar to the quarters Canada had recently struck for its provinces. In response, Congress passed the United States Commemorative Coins Act of 1996, which was signed by President Bill Clinton on October 20, 1996. The act directed the Mint to written report whether a series of commemorative quarters would exist successful.^[54] The Mint duly studied the matter and reported favorably. Although the human action had given Treasury Secretary Robert Rubin the authority to bear out the study by selecting new coin designs, Secretary Rubin preferred to wait congressional action. The resulting 50 States Commemorative Coin Program Human activity was signed by President Clinton on Dec 1, 1997. Under the human action, each of the fifty states would be honored with a new quarter, to be issued five a twelvemonth start in 1999, with the sequence of issuance determined by the order usa had entered the Marriage. The act allowed the Secretary to determine the position of the required legends, such as " IN GOD We TRUST " on the coin: To accommodate a big pattern on the contrary, " U.s. OF AMERICA " and " QUARTER DOLLAR " were moved to the obverse, and the bust of Washington shrunken slightly.^[55] A state's design would be selected by the Treasury Secretary on the recommendation of the state's governor.^[56]

As part of the series, the Mint sold collector'south versions in proof, including pieces struck in .900 argent.^[57] The Mint also sold a large number of numismatic items, including rolls and bags of coins, collector'due south maps, and other items designed to encourage money collecting among the general public.^[58] The Mint estimated that the regime profited by $3 billion through seignorage on coins saved past the public and through other revenues, over what it would otherwise have earned.^[59]

District of Columbia and United states of america Territories quarters [edit]

Legislation to extend the programme to the District of Columbia and the territories had been four times passed by the House of Representatives, but the Senate had failed to consider information technology each time. Provisions authorizing such a programme were inserted into an urgent appropriations nib and passed in December 2007.^[sixty] The resultant 2009 Commune of Columbia and U.S. Territories Quarters Plan maintained the Washington obverse but on the contrary displayed designs in honor of the Commune of Columbia, Puerto Rico, Guam, American Samoa, Virgin Islands, and the Northern Mariana Islands, all minted in 2009.^[61]

America the Cute quarters [edit]

In 2008, Congress passed the America'south Beautiful National Parks Quarter Dollar Coin Act. This legislation chosen for 56 coins, one for each state or other jurisdiction, to be issued 5 per twelvemonth first in 2010 and concluding in 2021. Each coin features a National Park Service site or national wood, one per jurisdiction. Flanagan's head of Washington was restored to bring out item.^[62] In addition to the circulating pieces and collector's versions, bullion pieces with 5 troy ounces (155 1000) of silver are being struck with the quarter's design.^[63]

In May 2012, the Mint appear plans to strike the first circulation-quality quarters at the San Francisco Mint since 1954, to be sold only at a premium in bags and rolls. All five 2012 designs were struck, the first circulation-quality coins struck at San Francisco since 1983 (when Lincoln cents were struck without mint mark), and the first with the S mint marker since the Anthony dollar in 1981 (struck for mint sets just).^[64] In 2019, the silver version of the quarter was struck in .999 silverish, marking a permanent modify from the previous .900.^[65] In 2019, the Mint struck 2,000,000 of each circulating quarter design at the West Betoken Mint bearing its mint marker W. These were released into circulation mixed in with new coins from Philadelphia or Denver.^[41] This connected in 2020 with the 2020-W quarters bearing a privy mark V75 inside a pocket-size cartouche on the obverse.^[66]

2021: Return of the original obverse [edit]

Following the conclusion of the National Parks quarter serial in 2021, Treasury Secretary Steven Mnuchin had the option of ordering a second circular of 56 national parks quarters, but did non exercise and so past the end of 2018 every bit required in the 2008 legislation.

The quarter'due south blueprint for 2021 therefore reverted to Flanagan'southward original obverse pattern, paired with a new reverse rendition of Washington crossing the Delaware River on the dark of Dec 25, 1776. In October 2019, the Citizens Coinage Informational Committee (CCAC) met to consider designs, with the last choice made by Mnuchin.^[67] On December 25, 2020, the Mint appear the successful blueprint, by Benjamin Sowards as sculpted by Michael Gaudioso. This quarter was released into circulation on Apr v, 2021 and would exist minted until the end of 2021.^[68]

The reverse of the 2022 Maya Angelou quarter

Coin Redesign Deed of 2020 [edit]

The Circulating Collectible Coin Redesign Deed of 2020 (Pub.Fifty. 116–330 (text) (PDF)) established three new series of quarters for the next decade. From 2022 to 2025, the Mint may produce up to five coins each year featuring prominent American women, with a new obverse design of Washington. In 2026, at that place will be up to 5 designs representing the United States Semiquincentennial. From 2027 to 2030, the Mint may produce up to five coins each yr featuring youth sports. The obverse volition as well be redesigned in 2027, and even after 2030 is still to depict Washington.^[69]

American Women quarters [edit]

The American Women quarters plan will event up to five new reverse designs each year from 2022-2025 featuring the accomplishments and contributions made in various fields past women to American history and development. The obverse design features Fraser's portrait of Washington originally intended for the first Washington quarter in 1932.^[70]

See also [edit]

References [edit]

1. ^ Guth & Garrett 2005, p. 79.
2. ^ ^{a b} Bowers 2006, p. 30.
3. ^ Bowers 2006, p. 31.
4. ^ Bowers 2006, pp. 31–32.
5. ^ ^{a b} Bowers 2006, p. 32.
6. ^ Taxay 1983, p. 360.
7. ^ Bowers 2006, p. 33.
8. ^ ^{a b c} Vermeule 1971, p. 178.
9. ^ Taxay 1983, pp. 360–362.
10. ^ ^{a b} Bowers 2006, p. 35.
11. ^ Taxay 1983, p. 363.
12. ^ ^{a b c} Bowers 2006, p. 36.
13. ^ Breen 1988, p. 365.
14. ^ Gilkes, Paul (Apr 23, 2021). "Fraser portrait to finally debut on quarter in 2022". Coin World . Retrieved April 25, 2021.
15. ^ Cadou 2006, p. 120.
16. ^ Vermeule 1971, pp. 177–178.
17. ^ ^{a b} Bowers 2006, p. 39.
18. ^ Vermeule 1971, p. 179.
19. ^ Vermeule 1971, p. 180.
20. ^ San Jose News & 1932-07-09.
21. ^ The Reading Hawkeye & 1932-07-10.
22. ^ ^{a b c} Bowers 2006, p. 40.
23. ^ The Star and Lookout & 1932-08-06.
24. ^ The New York Times & 1932-08-21.
25. ^ Breen 1988, p. 366.
26. ^ The Washington Quarters of 1934
27. ^ "1934 & 1934D; Lite Medium and Heavy Motto". Archived from the original on 2019-01-fourteen. Retrieved 2019-01-thirteen .
28. ^ Bowers 2006, pp. 46–48.
29. ^ Breen 1988, p. 367.
30. ^ Yeoman 2014, pp. 171–173.
31. ^ Bowers 2006, p. 41.
32. ^ Bardes & 1964-11-22.
33. ^ Bardes & 1964-09-13.
34. ^ Dale & 1965-06-04.
35. ^ The New York Times & 1965-07-15.
36. ^ Bardes & 1966-07-17.
37. ^ ^{a b} Bowers 2006, pp. 42–45.
38. ^ Bowers 2006, pp. 49–50.
39. ^ Yeoman 2014, p. 173.
40. ^ Bowers 2006, pp. 50–51.
41. ^ ^{a b} Gilkes & 2019-04-02.
42. ^ Yeoman 2014, pp. 178.
43. ^ Yeoman 2014, pp. 349–351.
44. ^ Gilkes & 2012-03-12.
45. ^ Coin Globe Annual 1977, p. 419.
46. ^ Coin World Almanac 1977, pp. 421–422.
47. ^ Coin Earth Almanac 1977, p. 422.
48. ^ Breen 1988, p. 421.
49. ^ Coin World Annual 1977, p. 51.
50. ^ Ganz 1976, pp. 66–68.
51. ^ Yeoman 2014, p. 228.
52. ^ Reiter & 1979-07-08.
53. ^ Webster & 1986-10-26.
54. ^ U.s.a. Mint 2009, p. iv.
55. ^ United States Mint 2009, p. 6.
56. ^ United States Mint 2009, p. xiv.
57. ^ United States Mint 2009, p. eleven.
58. ^ Us Mint 2009, p. 12.
59. ^ U.s. Mint 2009, p. 13.
60. ^ Ganz & 2007-12-20.
61. ^ United States Mint, DC & Territories.
62. ^ U.s. Mint & 2010-03-24.
63. ^ Numismatic News & 2009-09-09.
64. ^ Gilkes & 2012-05-21.
65. ^ Coin News & 2019-02-20.
66. ^ Gilkes & 2020-01-21.
67. ^ Gilkes & 2019-x-18.
68. ^ "Usa Mint announces new quarter dollar reverse pattern". U.s. Mint. December 25, 2020. Retrieved December 28, 2020.
69. ^ "Text – H.R.1923 – 116th Congress (2019–2020): Circulating Collectible Coin Redesign Human action of 2020". www.congress.gov. 2021-01-xiii. Retrieved 2021-01-15 . {{cite web}}: CS1 maint: url-status (link)
70. ^ "American Women Quarters Plan". United States Mint. Nov eight, 2021. Retrieved November 29, 2021.

Books and reports

• Bowers, Q. David (2006). A Guide Book of Washington and State Quarters. Atlanta, Ga.: Whitman Publishing. ISBN978-0-7948-2059-half-dozen.
• Breen, Walter (1988). Walter Breen's Consummate Encyclopedia of U.S. and Colonial Coins. New York, Northward.Y.: Doubleday. ISBN978-0-385-14207-vi.
• Cadou, Carol Borchert (2006). The George Washington Drove: Fine and Decorative Arts at Mountain Vernon. Mount Vernon Ladies' Association of the Marriage. Manchester, Vt.: Hudson Hills Press. ISBN978-1-55595-268-vi.
• Coin Earth Almanac (third ed.). Sidney, Ohio: Amos Press. 1977. ASIN B004AB7C9M.
• Ganz, David L. (1976). fourteen Bits: The Story of America's Bicentennial Coinage. Washington, D.C.: Three Continents Press. ISBN978-0-914478-63-8.
• Guth, Ron; Garrett, Jeff (2005). United States Coinage: A Written report by Blazon. Atlanta, Ga.: Whitman Publishing. ISBN978-0-7948-1782-iv.
• Taxay, Don (1983) [1966]. The U.S. Mint and Coinage (reprint ed.). New York, Northward.Y.: Sanford J. Durst Numismatic Publications. ISBN978-0-915262-68-seven.
• United states of america Mint (c. 2009). "50 States Quarters Study" (PDF). United States Mint Financial Section. Archived from the original (PDF) on March 10, 2016. Retrieved October xviii, 2011.
• Vermeule, Cornelius (1971). Numismatic Art in America . Cambridge, Mass.: The Belknap Press of Harvard University Press. ISBN978-0-674-62840-iii.
• Yeoman, R.S. (2014). A Guide Book of United States Coins (68th ed.). Atlanta, Ga.: Whitman Publishing. ISBN978-0-7948-4215-four.

News and other sources

• Bardes, Herbert C. (September xiii, 1964). "Treasury to Get Ahead On '64 Date Freeze". The New York Times. p. X32. Retrieved February 13, 2012. (subscription required)
• Bardes, Herbert C. (November 22, 1964). "Turmoil in the Capital". The New York Times. p. X26. Retrieved February 13, 2012. (subscription required)
• Bardes, Herbert C. (July 17, 1966). "1966 Date Begins Aug. 1" (PDF). The New York Times. p. 96. Retrieved February thirteen, 2012. (subscription required)
• Dale, Edwin L. Jr. (June 4, 1965). "President Asks Quarters And Dimes Without Argent". The New York Times. p. 1. Retrieved February 13, 2012. (subscription required)
• Ganz, David L. (December xx, 2007). "Quarter Program Adds Territories". NumisMaster.com. Iola, Wisconsin: F+W Publications. Retrieved February 13, 2012.
• Gilkes, Paul (March 12, 2012). "Mint touts price savings in .999 silvery switch". Coin World. pp. one, 52, 56.
• Gilkes, Paul (May 21, 2012). "San Francisco Mint strikes circulation-quality quarters". Coin Earth . Retrieved May 21, 2012.
• Gilkes, Paul (April 2, 2019). "Circulating rarities head to apportionment: Quarters with the W mint mark". Coin World . Retrieved April three, 2019.
• Gilkes, Paul (October eighteen, 2019). "Quarter dollar for 2021 and beyond to draw Washington crossing the Delaware". Coin Globe . Retrieved October 19, 2019.
• Gilkes, Paul (January 21, 2020). "U.S. Mint releases images of 2020-W quarter dollar with privy marker". Coin World . Retrieved February 5, 2020.
• Reiter, Ed (July 8, 1979). "Bicentennial Hangover". The New York Times. p. D38. Retrieved Feb 13, 2012. (subscription required)
• Webster, Daniel (October 26, 1986). "Gold Hawkeye Coming Soon". The Blade. Toledo, Ohio. Knight News Service. p. F-eight. Retrieved February 13, 2012. (subscription required)
• "Eagle on New Quarter Defended By Expert as Bald, Non Gilded". The New York Times. August 21, 1932. p. 2. Retrieved February 13, 2012. (subscription required)
• "Coin Bill Approved By Senate and Sent To the White House". The New York Times. July 15, 1965. p. ane. Retrieved Feb 13, 2012. (subscription required)
• "Quarter serial starts in 2010". Numismatic News. Iola, Wisc.: F+West Publications. September x, 2009. Retrieved Feb xiii, 2012.
• "George Washington on new silver quarter". The Reading Eagle. Reading, Pa. July 10, 1932. p. 12. Retrieved February 13, 2012.
• "Don't Quote Me". San Jose News. July 9, 1932. p. 7. Retrieved February thirteen, 2012.
• "New Washington Quarters Are In Circulation Hither". The Star and Lookout. Gettysburg, Pa. Baronial 6, 1932. p. 1. Retrieved February xiii, 2012.
• "The 2009 District of Columbia and U.S. Territories Quarters Program". United States Mint. Retrieved Feb 13, 2012.
• "Usa Mint Unveils First V Coins in America the Cute™ Quarters Program" (Press release). U.s. Mint. March 24, 2010. Retrieved Feb 13, 2012.
• Unser, Mike (May 21, 2012). "U.S. Mint Ends Production of 90% Silver Coins". Coin News . Retrieved February 20, 2019.

External links [edit]

• Official specifications

blackwhapot.blogspot.com

Source: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Washington_quarter

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